Factories act, 1948

1. 1. FACTORIESACT, 1948  
2. 2. INITIATION:In great Britain, the second half of the 18thcentury, there was a rapid growth of industrialtowns & factories.As it was started without planning, they employedthe women as well as their children in factories whoneeded to work for more than 12 hours a day.Some of the employees took initiative to implementlabour lagislations, Facories Act came into existencein 1819.After some modifications, the final amended ofFactories Act took place in 1948.
3. 3. FACTORIES ACT IN INDIA:In India, the First factories Act was passed in 1881.This Act was basically designed to protect childrenand to provide few measures for health and safety ofthe workers.This law was applicable to only those factories, whichemployed 100 or more workers.In 1891 another Factories Act was passed whichextended to the factories employee 50 or more workers.
4. 4. FACTORIES ACT INCLUDES:HealthSafetyWelfareWorking Hours Of AdultsAnnual Leave With wages
5. 5. DEFINITIONS:“Factory” is defined in section 2(m) of the Act. It means anypremises including the precincts thereof-a) Whereon 10 or more workers are working, or were working on any day of the preceding 12 months, and in any part of which a manufacturing process is being carried on with the aid of power, or is ordinarily so carried on; orb) Whereon 20 or more workers are working, or were working on any day of the preceding 12 months, and in any part of which a manufacturing process is being carried on without the aid of power, or is ordinarily so carried on.But does not include a mine subject to the operation of the MinesAct, 1952 or a mobile unit belonging to the Armed forces of theUnion, a railway running shed or a hotel, restaurant or eatingplace.
6. 6. OTHER DEFINITIONS:“Manufacturing process” means any process for-a) Making, altering, repairing, ornamenting, finishing, packing , oiling, washing, cleaning, breaking up, demolishing, or otherwise treating or adapting any article or substance with a view to its use, sale, transport, delivery or disposal ; orb) Pumping oil, water, sewage or any other substance; orc) Generating, transforming or transmitting power; ord) Composing types for printing by letter press, lithography, photogravure or other similar process or book bindinge) Constructing, reconstructing, repairing, refitting, finishing or breaking up ships or vessels;
7. 7. (CONTINUE…)DAY: means a period of 24 hours beginning at midnight;WEEK: means a period of 7 dayz beginning at midnight onSaturday nightCALENDAR YEAR: means the period of 12 months beginningwith the first day of January in any yearPOWER: means electrical energy, or any other form of energywhich is mechanically transmitted and is not generated byhuman or animal agencyPRIME MOVER: means any engine, motor or other appliancewhich generates or otherwise provides power;
8. 8. OBJECTIVES:The main objective of Factories Act, 1948 is to ensure adequatesafety measures and to promote the health and safety andwelfare of the workers employed in factories. The act also makesprovisions regarding employment of women and young persons(including children & adolescents), annual leave with wages etc.The Act extended to whole of India including Jammu & Kashmirand covers all manufacturing processes and establishmentsfalling within the definitions of “factory” as defined u/s 2(m) ofthe act. Unless otherwise provided it is also applicable tofactories belonging to Central/State Government (section 116)
9. 9. PROVISIONS REGARDING HEALTH:1) Cleanliness2) Disposal of Wastes & Effluents3) Ventilations & Temperature4) Dust & Fumes5) Artificial Humidification6) Overcrowding7) Lighting8) Drinking Water9) Latrines & Urinals10) Spittoons
10. 10. PROVISIONS REGARDING SAFETY:1) Fencing of Machinery2) Work on or near Machinery in motion3) Employment of Young Persons on Dangerous Machines4) Striking Gear and Devices for cutting off power5) Self Acting Machines6) Casing of New Machinery7) Prohibition of Employment of Women & Children near Cotton openers8) Hoists, lifts, Lifting Machines and others9) Revolving Machinery10) Pressure Plant
11. 11. (CONTINUE…)1) Floors, Stairs & Means or Access2) Pits, Sumps, Opening in Floors and others3) Excessive Weights4) Protection of Eyesprecautions against Dangerous Fumes, Gases & others5) Precautions Regarding use of portable electric light6) Explosive or Inflammable Dust, Gas7) Precautions in case of fire8) Specifications of Defective Parts or Tests of Stability9) Safety of Buildings and machines10) Safety officers
12. 12. PROVISIONS REGARDING WELFARE OF WORKERS1) Washing Facilities2) Facilities for Storing & Drying clothing3) Facilities for Sitting4) First Aid facilities5) Canteens, Shelters, Rest Rooms & Lunch Rooms6) Creches7) Welfare Officers
13. 13. HAZARDOUS PROCESSESProvisions regarding Hazardous Process wereinstructed in the Act under a new chapter by theFactories (Amendment) Act, 1987.This Act instructed two new schedules:I. Listing the industries involving hazardous processII. Relating to permissible levels of certain chemical substances in work environment
14. 14. PROVISIONS REGARDING HAZARDOUS PROCESSES1) Constitution of Site Appraisal Committee2) Compulsory Disclosure of Information3) Special Responsibility of the occupier in relation to Hazardous processes:4) Maintaining accurate and up-to-date health and medical records of workers exposed to any chemical, toxic or any other harmful substances manufactured, stored, handled or transported5) Appointing qualified, experienced & compete persons in handling such substances to supervise handling and for protecting the workers from the hazard6) Providing for medical examination of every worker at intervals
15. 15. (CONTINUE…) Appointment of Inquiry Committee Emergency Standards Permissible Limits of Exposure of chemical and toxic Substances Workers’ participation in safety management Right of workers to warn about imminent danger
16. 16. WORKING HOURS OF ADULTS:•Weekly Hours: < 48 hours•Weekly Holidays : at least 1 holiday in a week, substitute holidays•Compensatory Holidays•Daily Hours : < 9 hours•Intervals for rest : at least half an hour•Spread Over•Night Shifts
17. 17. (CONTINUE…)• Prohibition of Overlapping Shifts : not more than 2 continuous shift• Extra wages for overtime : wages at the rate of twice at his ordinary rate of wages for overtime• Notice of period of work
18. 18. RESTRICTION ON EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN & CHILDREN:•Work between 6 a.m. to 7 p.m. only•Strictly restriction for women for employmentbetween 10 p.m. to 5 a.m.•Employment of women in night shift is permittedonly in the case of fish-curring and fish-canning
19. 19. ANNUAL LEAVE WITH WAGESAnnual leave with wagesWages during leave periodPayment in advance in certain casesMode of Recovery of unpaid wagesPower to make rules
20. 20. OFFENCESA court can take cognizance of the offence only whenthe complaint is made within 3 months of the date onwhich the alleged commission of the offence came tothe knowledge of the inspector, but where the offenceconsist of disobeying a written order made by anInspector, complaint may be made within 6 monthsof the commission of the offence
21. 21. PENALTIES:General penalties for offencePenalty for the contravention of Provisions Relating toHazardous processPenalty for obstructing InspectorPenalty for wrongfully Disclosing Results of AnalysisPenalty relating to casing of new machineryPenalties for Offences by workers & ParentsPenalty for offence by a medical practitionerPenalty for employing child labour